We do love our sports, whatever the weather!
From the roasting cricket pitches to the sun-baked footy fields, we thrive in the outdoors.
But our love for sport can sometimes put us in serious danger in our harsh climate.
Hyperthermia, also called heat stroke, heat exhaustion and heat illness, is a serious risk for athletes of all levels.
With rising temperatures, it's more important than ever to understand the dangers and know how to respond.
My blog post takes a look at the obvious and the not so obvious issues of hyperthermia and providing first aid in Australian sports.
Read on and fet the latest information for athletes, coaches, parents, and first aid providers.
We'll explore the challenges posed by our climate, look at a real-life case study, and teach you the best first aid methods for cooling someone who is in a lifethreatening situation.
Plus free Thermal Risk tools to help you plan and play safe.
Why is Hyperthermia a Growing Concern in Australian Sports?
Australia's extreme heat is a major contributor to hyperthermia risk.
But it's not just roasting temperatures.
High humidity plays a crucial role, making it harder, and in some cases, impossible for the body to cool down through sweating.
Which Aussie sports are more susceptible?:
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High-intensity sports: Think AFL, rugby, and cricket, where prolonged exertion generates significant body heat.
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Sports with heavy protective gear: Sports like cricket and hockey, where bulky equipment hinders heat dissipation.
- Endurance events: Marathons, triathlons, and long-distance cycling push the body to its limits, increasing the risk of dehydration and overheating.
Recognising the Signs: Is it Heat Exhaustion or Heat Stroke?
Hyperthermia can manifest in varying degrees of severity.
Being able to identify the early signs is crucial for preventing a life-threatening situation.
A really simple way of assessing heat illness includes level of consciousness.
If someone has any alteration to their level of consciousness, we want to commence active cooling as soon as possible.
So, if the patient has indications of heat related illness, and is unable to tell you who they are, (disoriented) or unresponsive, we need to act as quickly as possible to reduce core temperatures.
Heat Exhaustion: This is the body's response to excessive water and salt loss through sweating. Symptoms include:
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Heavy sweating
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Pale skin
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Muscle cramps
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Headache
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Nausea and vomiting
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Dizziness and fainting
Heat Stroke: This is a medical emergency where the body's temperature regulation system fails. Symptoms include:
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High body temperature (above 40°C)
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Hot, red, dry skin (sweating may stop)
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Rapid pulse
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Confusion, disorientation, or seizures
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Loss of consciousness
Top 3 most effective cooling methods.
1.Cold Water Immersion (CWI):
Immersing the person in cold water (15-20°C) up to their neck is the most effective method.
2. Strip, Soak, Fan:
Remove clothing, soak the person with cool water, and fan them vigorously.
3. Targeted Active Cooling (TACO):
Applying ice packs to the groin, armpits, and neck while fanning.
True Story: Heat related death at only 32°C
In February 2017, 17-year-old Torren Jake Thomas tragically died from exertional heat stroke during a pre-season football training session in Perth, Western Australia.
The temperature was only 32°C BUT with 60% humidity.
The Coroner's inquest found that while the decision to hold training was reasonable given the forecast, the first aid response was inadequate.
Crucially, there was a delay in recognising the severity of Torren's condition and applying appropriate cooling methods.
The Coroner highlighted the need for improved first aid training in recognising and managing exertional heat stroke, particularly emphasizing rapid cooling techniques like cold water immersion (CWI).
This tragic case led to recommendations for sports organisations to review their heat policies and for first aid training providers to update their curriculum with the latest evidence-based practices.
This case serves as a stark reminder of the devastating consequences of hyperthermia in sports and underscores the urgent need for greater awareness and preparedness.
SMA Extreme Heat Policy: Stay safe while at play
Sports Medicine Australia (SMA) has developed comprehensive extreme heat policies to guide sporting organisations in managing heat-related risks.
These policies provide evidence-based recommendations for:
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Heat risk assessment: Using tools like the Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) to determine the risk level.
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Modifying activity: Adjusting training intensity, duration, and scheduling based on heat conditions.
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Hydration strategies: Pushing regular fluid intake before, during, and after exercise.
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Cooling plans: Implementing effective cooling methods to lower core body temperature.
See the full policy here
Get the FREE Thermal Risk App
What are the first aid guidelines for hyperthermia?
ANZCOR Guideline 9.3.4: First Aid Management of Heat Stroke
The Australian and New Zealand Committee on Resuscitation (ANZCOR) provides clear guidelines for managing heat stroke, emphasising rapid cooling as the priority.
Guideline 9.3.4 recommends:
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Call for help: Immediately call Triple Zero (000) for emergency medical assistance.
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Move to a cool place: Transfer the person to a shaded or air-conditioned environment.
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Rapidly cool the body: This is the most crucial step. Effective cooling methods include:
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1.Cold Water Immersion (CWI): Immersing the person in cold water (15-20°C) up to their neck is the most effective method.
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2. Strip, Soak, Fan: Remove clothing, soak the person with cool water, and fan them vigorously.
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3. Targeted Active Cooling (TACO): Applying ice packs to the groin, armpits, and neck while fanning.
Beyond the Basics: State-of-the-Art Cooling Techniques
While CWI remains the gold standard, research continues to explore innovative cooling methods:
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Evaporative cooling vests: These vests utilise the cooling effect of evaporation to lower body temperature.
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Internal cooling devices: These devices, though less readily available, circulate cooled fluids within the body for rapid core temperature reduction.
Practical Tips for Preventing Hyperthermia in Australian Sports
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Acclimatisation: Gradually increase training intensity and duration in hot conditions to allow the body to adapt.
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Hydration: Drink plenty of fluids before, during, and after exercise.
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Appropriate clothing: Wear lightweight, light-colored clothing that allows for ventilation.
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Monitor conditions: Pay close attention to the weather forecast and adjust activities accordingly.
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Educate everyone: Ensure athletes, coaches, and support staff are aware of the signs and symptoms of hyperthermia and the appropriate first aid response.
Empowering Our Sporting Community
Hyperthermia is a serious threat to Australian athletes, but with knowledge and proactive measures, we can minimize the risks. By embracing the SMA's extreme heat policies, adhering to ANZCOR guidelines, and staying informed about the latest cooling techniques, we can create a safer sporting environment for everyone.
Remember: When it comes to hyperthermia, early recognition and rapid cooling are key. Don't hesitate to seek medical assistance if you suspect someone is experiencing heat stroke.
Disclaimer: This blog post provides general information about hyperthermia and first aid. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice.
Always consult with a qualified healthcare professional for diagnosis and treatment.'
Sports Medicene Australia- Extreme Heat Policy
https://sma.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/SMA-Extreme-Heat-Policy-2021-Final.pdf
Australian Institiute of Health & Welfare